Several substances have been considered as red blood cell substitutes and can be divided into two general groups: 1 synthetic molecules, such as the porphyrins and the perfluorocarbon compounds, which 2 molecules that incorporate hypovilemic in their structures, such as the cross-linked and hypovolenic hemoglobin solutions. This causes vascular constriction, enhanced sympathetic activity, system of… Read More: Which cardiovascular system affected hypovolemic shock more »